A Comprehensive Study of Distributed Generators Connection with Smart Distribution Networks: Optimization Strategies and Reconfiguration Synergy

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 department of electrical engineering, faculty of engineering, october 6 university

2 October 6university, Faculty of Engineering

3 Helwan University, Faculty of Engineering

Abstract

Distributed Generators (DGs) connected to modern power distribution systems offer significant benefits such as minimizing the power losses, and improving the voltage level on network buses, so the systems become more reliable. However, these benefits are heavily dependent on the best selection of placement and sizing of DG sources. This article provides a wide-ranging study of methodologies for DG placement and sizing, with a focus on both classical and intelligent optimization techniques including Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of power flow algorithms—both node-based and branch-based, accurately modeling DG behavior in distribution systems. Special emphasis is placed on the coordinated integration of DGs with Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR), a critical smart grid function that enables dynamic topological adjustments to minimize power losses and restore service during contingencies. Through a structured comparison of literature, performance metrics, and algorithmic approaches, the paper identifies gaps and emerging trends that are essential for future research and real-world implementation in smart and sustainable power networks.

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