Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
MUC University in Cairo, Faculty of Engineering, Robotics Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
2
Benha University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Power Engineering, Shoubra, Cairo, Egypt
3
October 6 University, Faculty of Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Large-scale outdoor fires pose significant risks to the environment and public safety, especially in residential and urban areas. This study focuses on enhancing outdoor firefighting capabilities in a residential development in New Cairo, Egypt, by designing and comparing two fire safety systems: a fire hydrant-only system and a combined fire hydrant and deluge system. The primary goal is to integrate effective firefighting infrastructure while adhering to the Egyptian Firefighting Code and NFPA guidelines. A mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, was utilized, including design proposals, area layout analysis, technical calculations, and system optimization. The fire hydrant-only system demonstrated a residual pressure of 123.58 psi with a flow rate of 1004.72 GPM, sufficient for sprinkler activation at 4.97 psi. Conversely, the combined system showed a residual pressure of 45.97 psi with a flow rate of 1440.80 GPM, meeting sprinkler activation requirements at 4.26 psi. While both systems meet fire safety standards, the combined system offers greater flow efficiency, making it suitable for high-demand firefighting scenarios. This research emphasizes tailored firefighting designs for landscape areas and highlights the importance of adapting solutions to specific fire safety needs, budgets, and geographical contexts. Integrating a deluge system into the fire hydrant infrastructure enhances fire suppression effectiveness, particularly in high-risk zones. Future research should explore comparative studies across diverse regions and incorporate advanced technologies to further optimize fire safety systems while considering environmental sustainability.
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